India’s aviation and telecom minister Jyotiraditya Scindia said state-run BSNL has taken the harder route by rolling out a fully Indian 4G network stack instead of buying established foreign solutions. He called it a deliberate, long-term choice that trades speed and convenience for domestic control over core telecom technology.

According to Scindia, the project rests on an unusual partnership: C-DoT, a government research body, built the core software; Tejas Networks, a private company, developed the radio access network; and TCS stitched the system together. He framed this as proof that a mix of public and private players can build critical digital infrastructure at home, even if it takes more time and effort than importing equipment.

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