How do global eSIMs compare to international roaming?

Global eSIMs typically cost 70-90% less than carrier roaming. Example: 5GB of T-Mobile international roaming can exceed $50, while Airalo offers 5GB in Europe for $16 and Nomad provides 5GB global for approximately $25. eSIMs also provide predictable, prepaid costs versus surprise roaming bills. Carriers like T-Mobile Magenta Max do include free international data (limited speed), making comparison worthwhile.